Path Tracing
mango
Physically-based CPU path tracer.
mango is a CPU path tracer: it simulates many possible light paths and averages them into an image (Monte Carlo integration). Under the hood, it has a BSDF-based material system, importance sampling, global illumination, and tile- and scanline-based parallel rendering.
I've always liked the almost-magic trick of making a computer produce lifelike images. Physically based rendering was a natural rabbit hole for me.